Polyphenolic Fractions from Three Millet Types (Fonio,Finger millet,and Pearl millet): their Characterization and Biological Importance

BackgroundAs antioxidant-rich plant foods, cereals can impede lipid and starch breakdown in the human body, are germane to diabetes management.ObjectiveWe aim to identify newer sources of phytochemicals and health-promoting constituents desirable antidiabetic and antioxidant properties.MethodsThree millet types i.e. fonio (Digitaria exilis), finger millet (Eleusine coracana), and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) available locally were investigated for antioxidant ability employing these assays i.e. DPPH, ABTS, H₂O₂, antidiabetic ability employing these assays i.e. α-amylase, α-glucosidase and inhibitory property on glycosylation formation. Preliminary characterization tools were employed i.e. UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV–visible) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for the polyphenolic confirmation.ResultsThe absorbance intensity range 325–425 nm confirmed that polyphenolics are present in the three millet types; most of the biological results showed the activities are dose-dependent. Fonio millet extract revealed the highest activity against hemoglobin glycosylation (29.469 ± 0.399%) which compared favorably with the standard (acarbose) (29.354 ± 1.607%). Fonio millet extract also showed the best antioxidant activity (significantly higher% inhibition value = 47.909 ± 3.472) and the pearl millet revealed the least antioxidant activity (significantly lower% inhibition value = 44.910 ± 3.597) both at a concentration of 500 mg·ml^?1, though all the millet extracts showed activity towards this assay better than the standard (19.883 ± 2.485%). Fonio millet extract displayed a significantly higher percentage inhibition of α-amylase and glucosidase (43.729 ± 0.410% and 55.835 ± 2.198%) than finger millet (39.002 ± 1.604%; 43.971 ± 5.849%) and pearl millet (33.223 ± 2.708%; 30.845 ± 2.841%), respectively.ConclusionThe polyphenolic extracts from these millet types have therapeutic potentials, which may play significant roles in type 2 diabetes prevention and management, and hence these millets, especially fonio and finger millet, have the potential to be utilized as functional foods.     

Patient characteristics,anaesthetic workload and techniques in the UK: an analysis from the 7th National Audit Project (NAP7) activity survey

Detailed contemporary knowledge of the characteristics of the surgical population, national anaesthetic workload, anaesthetic techniques and behaviours are essential to monitor productivity, inform policy and direct research themes. Every 3–4 years, the Royal College of Anaesthetists, as part of its National Audit Projects (NAP), performs a snapshot activity survey in all UK hospitals delivering anaesthesia, collecting patient-level encounter data from all cases under the care of an anaesthetist. During November 2021, as part of NAP7, anaesthetists recorded details of all cases undertaken over 4 days at their site through an online survey capturing anonymous patient characteristics and anaesthetic details. Of 416 hospital sites invited to participate, 352 (85%) completed the activity survey. From these, 24,177 reports were returned, of which 24,172 (99%) were included in the final dataset. The work patterns by day of the week, time of day and surgical specialty were similar to previous NAP activity surveys. However, in non-obstetric patients, between NAP5 (2013) and NAP7 (2021) activity surveys, the estimated median age of patients increased by 2.3 years from median (IQR) of 50.5 (28.4–69.1) to 52.8 (32.1–69.2) years. The median (IQR) BMI increased from 24.9 (21.5–29.5) to 26.7 (22.3–31.7) kg.m^–2. The proportion of patients who scored as ASA physical status 1 decreased from 37% in NAP5 to 24% in NAP7. The use of total intravenous anaesthesia increased from 8% of general anaesthesia cases to 26% between NAP5 and NAP7. Some changes may reflect the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the anaesthetic population, though patients with confirmed COVID-19 accounted for only 149 (1%) cases. These data show a rising burden of age, obesity and comorbidity in patients requiring anaesthesia care, likely to impact UK peri-operative services significantly.     

Systemic bevacizumab to facilitate anticoagulation in antiphospholipid syndrome and bleeding gastrointestinal angiodysplasia

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - Bleeding gastrointestinal angiodysplasia may occur in patients with vasculitis and can be challenging to treat. We describe the novel use of bevacizumab...     

七氟醚复合依托咪酯维持麻醉对胸腔镜手术单肺通气时应激反应的影响

目的分析七氟醚复合依托咪酯维持麻醉对胸腔镜手术单肺通气时应激反应的影响。 方法选取2018年5月至2021年5月我院胸腔镜手术者91例，随机分为对照组43例，观察组48例。对照组术中采用七氟醚复合丙泊酚维持麻醉，观察组术中采用七氟醚复合依托咪酯维持麻醉。比较两组手术时间、单肺通气时间与麻醉恢复，呼吸恢复时间、清醒时间、拔管时间，对比麻醉诱导前(T0)、单肺通气开始前(T1)、单肺通气30 min后(T2)、手术结束时(T3)血流动力学MAP、HR、SpO₂及MDA、SOD、Cor。 结果观察组呼吸恢复时间、清醒时间、拔管时间短于对照组(P<0.05)；T1、T2时对照组MAP高于T0，HR、SpO₂低于T0，T2时对照组MAP高于T1，HR、SpO₂低于T1；T1、T2时观察组MAP低于对照组，HR、SpO₂高于对照组；T2、T3时两组MDA、Cor高于T0、T1，SOD水平低于T0、T1，且T3时两组MDA、Cor水平高于T2，SOD低于T2(P<0.05)；T2、T3时观察组MDA、Cor低于对照组。 结论七氟醚复合依托咪酯维持麻醉应用于胸腔镜手术单肺通气中能促进麻醉恢复，血流动力学稳定，减轻应激反应。     

干预映射在癌症健康管理中的应用进展

干预映射作为一种基于理论和证据的程序，为健康管理策略的构建提供了科学的框架。从干预映射的定义、步骤及其在癌症领域中的应用效果、优势、不足及展望进行综述，以期为干预映射更广泛地指导癌症健康管理提供参考。     

Silencing KLF16 inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis

Krüppel-like factor 16 (KLF16), a member of the Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family, has been extensively investigated in multiple cancer types. However, the role of KLF16 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unknown. Thus, we conducted this study to investigate its related mechanism. KLF16 expression in OSCC cell lines was quantified by western blotting. Then, OECM1 and OC3 cells were divided into Blank, siCtrl, siKLF16#1 and siKLF16#2 groups. Subsequently, cell proliferation was detected using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, cell migration and invasion were detected with wound healing and Transwell assays, and cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were detected via flow cytometry. KLF16, p21, CDK4, Cyclin D1 and p-Rb expression was detected by western blotting. Finally, xenograft models were established in nude mice to observe the in vivo effects of KLF16 on OSCC. KLF16 protein expression was upregulated in OSCC cells. Compared to the cells in the Blank group, the OECM1 and OC3 cells in the siKLF16#1 group and siKLF16#2 group exhibited a sharp decrease in proliferation but a remarkable increase in apoptosis. Moreover, the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase notably increased and that in the S phase decreased, with evident decreases in cell invasion and migration. Moreover, KLF16, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), Cyclin D1 and p-Rb protein expression was upregulated, but p21 expression was downregulated. The mice in the siKLF16#1 and siKLF16#2 xenograft model groups exhibited slower tumour growth and smaller tumours with evident downregulation of Ki67 expression compared to the mice in the Blank group. KLF16 expression was upregulated in OSCC cells, and interfering with KLF16 led to cell cycle arrest, inhibited OSCC cell growth and promoted cell apoptosis.     

Machine learning to predict myocardial injury and death after non-cardiac surgery

Myocardial injury due to ischaemia within 30 days of non-cardiac surgery is prognostically relevant. We aimed to determine the discrimination, calibration, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of single-layer and multiple-layer neural networks for myocardial injury and death within 30 postoperative days. We analysed data from 24,589 participants in the Vascular Events in Non-cardiac Surgery Patients Cohort Evaluation study. Validation was performed on a randomly selected subset of the study population. Discrimination for myocardial injury by single-layer vs. multiple-layer models generated areas (95%CI) under the receiver operating characteristic curve of: 0.70 (0.69–0.72) vs. 0.71 (0.70–0.73) with variables available before surgical referral, p < 0.001; 0.73 (0.72–0.75) vs. 0.75 (0.74–0.76) with additional variables available on admission, but before surgery, p < 0.001; and 0.76 (0.75–0.77) vs. 0.77 (0.76–0.78) with the addition of subsequent variables, p < 0.001. Discrimination for death by single-layer vs. multiple-layer models generated areas (95%CI) under the receiver operating characteristic curve of: 0.71 (0.66–0.76) vs. 0.74 (0.71–0.77) with variables available before surgical referral, p = 0.04; 0.78 (0.73–0.82) vs. 0.83 (0.79–0.86) with additional variables available on admission but before surgery, p = 0.01; and 0.87 (0.83–0.89) vs. 0.87 (0.85–0.90) with the addition of subsequent variables, p = 0.52. The accuracy of the multiple-layer model for myocardial injury and death with all variables was 70% and 89%, respectively.